Ethereum will not the all-mighty technology that was once promised as it needs primarily off-chain computation and potentially other blockchains to fulfill the promise of becoming the all-purpose smart contract platform simply because most of this computation won’t happen on it rather it will happen outside of it. So the world computer won’t be Ethereum, it will be a densely populated network of blockchains and decentralized systems which Ethereum and its shards will only be a small part of.

The Ethereum Medalla testnet bug should serve as a warning to all blockchain projects for possible central points of failure.

What substrate societies can do and how could they be used scale up governance and many other things in the decentralized world.

Let’s dissect the untold risks involved with the flawed validator design the Ethereum community is encouraging with validation done with local hardware and no sentries.